Patient Safety in Nursing Care: Current Challenges and Evidence-Based Strategies

Abstract

Patient safety is a fundamental component of healthcare quality and a primary responsibility of nursing professionals. Despite substantial progress in healthcare, preventable adverse events such as medication errors, healthcare-associated infections, communication failures, and patient falls continue to challenge healthcare systems worldwide. This review aimed to examine the current challenges affecting patient safety in nursing care and to identify evidence-based strategies for improving the quality and safety of patient care. A narrative review methodology was used to analyze and synthesize findings from published scientific literature on patient safety and nursing practice. The review highlights the critical role of nurses in preventing patient harm through continuous patient assessment, effective communication, accurate documentation, interdisciplinary collaboration, and adherence to evidence-based clinical guidelines. It also emphasizes the importance of organizational factors, including leadership support, patient safety culture, adequate staffing, continuous professional education, and quality improvement initiatives. Furthermore, the integration of digital health technologies and clinical decision support systems is recognized as an important contributor to safer healthcare delivery. Overall, improving patient safety requires coordinated efforts from nurses, healthcare organizations, educators, and policymakers. Strengthening evidence-based nursing practice, promoting a positive safety culture, and investing in continuous professional development are essential for reducing preventable harm and achieving sustainable improvements in healthcare quality and patient outcomes.