Construction and Normalization of Competency Evaluative Indicators based on the Screening of Psychological and Personality Fundamental Scales with the Third Edition of Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-3)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.63053/ijhes.76Keywords:
Competency Evaluative Indicators, Screening, Third Edition of Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, MMPI-3Abstract
This research aimed to construct, validate and normalize a measuring scale of competency evaluative indicators based on the screening of psychological and personality fundamental scales with the Third Edition of Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-3). Present study aimed that competency indicators can be measured with a validate instrument named MMPI-3. We assessed the validity of this new measure applied to 3000 participating from Iran. We obtained evidence for (a) content validity (through item analysis), (b) internal structure with Mokken Scaling Analysis and structural equation modeling to examine the item–construct relationship, differential item functioning, and reliability, and (c) association with external variables. The items were found to function one-dimensionally, with strong item–construct relationships and no differential functioning. Theoretically consistent associations were found between scales of MMPI-3 and constructed Indicators by researchers. The findings of the present study shown that (a) we can assess competency indicators as second layer of MMPI-3 profile, (b) there’s a strong correlation among competency indicators and MMPI-3 scales as reverse layer and (c) constructed indicators by researchers are validate and reliable to assess competency indicators for evaluating and screening psychological and personality features
References
American Psychological Association (2018). Professional guidelines for occupationally-mandated psychological evaluations. American Psychologist,73(2), 186-197. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/amp0000170
Ben-Porath, Y. S. (2017). An update to Williams and Lally’s (2017) analysis of MMPI-2-RF acceptance. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 48(4), 275-278. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/pro0000115
Butcher, J. N. (1994). Psychological assessment of airline pilot applicants with the MMPI-2. Journal of Personality Assessment, 62(1), 31–44. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa6201_4
Friedman, A.F. and Nichols, D.S. ( 2017). MMPI-3: Revision of the MMPI-2 or Marketing Hype? The National Psychologist , Vol. 26(6), p.1. Greene, R. L., Nichols, D. S., Front, C. M., & King, R. E. (2020). Screening Air Traffic Control Specialists with the MMPI-2: Two new scales to increase predictive utility. Technical report, Office of Aerospace Medicine, Federal Aviation Administration, Washington, DC.
Retzlaff, P., Front, C. M., & King, R.E. (2011). Air Traffic Control Specialist norms for the MMPI-2. Unpublished study, Office of Aerospace Medicine, Federal Aviation Administration, Washington, DC.
Tellegen, A. & Ben-Porath, Y. S. (2008/2011). MMPI-2-RF (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 Restructured Form) technical manual. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.
https://psychology.fandom.com/wiki/Minnesota_Multiphasic_Personality_Inventory#Clinical_scales https://dsm.psychiatryonline.org/doi/book/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425787
https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.23230
The MMPI-2-Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF): Assessment of Personality and Psychopathology in the Twenty-First Century. Sellbom M. Annu Rev Clin Psychol. 2019 May 7;15:149-177. doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-050718-095701. Epub 2019 Jan 2.
Ben-Porath, Y. S., & Tellegen, A. (2020). Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-3 (MMPI- 3): Manual for administration, scoring, and interpretation. University of Minnesota Press.
Ben-Porath, Y. S., & Tellegen, A. (2020). Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-3 (MMPI3): Technical manual. University of Minnesota Press.
Ben-Porath, Y. S., & Tellegen, A. (2020). Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-3 (MMPI3): User’s guide for the score and clinical interpretive reports. University of Minnesota Press.
Ben-Porath, Y. S., Tellegen, A., & Puente, A. E. (2020). Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-3 (MMPI-3): Manual supplement for the U.S. Spanish translation. University of Minnesota Press.
Using the MMPI-3 in Legal Settings. Ben-Porath YS, Heilbrun K, Rizzo M.J Pers Assess. 2022 Mar-Apr;104(2):162-178.
doi: 10.1080/00223891.2021.2006672. Epub 2021 Dec 17.
Distinctiveness of the MMPI-3 Self-Importance and Self-Doubt Scales. Whitman MR, Ben-Porath YS.J Pers Assess. 2021 Sep-Oct;103(5):613-620. doi: 10.1080/00223891.2021.1883628. Epub 2021 Feb 17.
Associations between MMPI-3 scale scores and the DSM-5 personality disorders. Brown TA, Sellbom M.J Clin Psychol. 2021 Dec;77(12):2943-2964. doi: 10.1002/jclp.23230. Epub 2021 Aug 2.
Mapping MMPI-3 scales onto the hierarchical taxonomy of psychopathology. Sellbom M, Kremyar AJ, Wygant DB.Psychol
Assess. 2021 Dec;33(12):1153-1168. doi: 10.1037/pas0001049. Epub 2021 Jul 29.
Examining the criterion and incremental validity of the MMPI-3 Self-Importance scale. Sellbom M.Psychol
Assess. 2021 Apr;33(4):363-368. doi: 10.1037/pas0000975. Epub 2020 Nov 12.
MMPI-3 Predictors of Anxiety Sensitivity and Distress Intolerance. Kremyar AJ, Lee TTC.
Assessment. 2022 Sep;29(6):1103-1116. doi: 10.1177/10731911211001948. Epub 2021 Mar 24.
Corey, D. M., & Ben-Porath, Y. S. (2022). Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-3 (MMPI-3): User’s guide for the public safety candidate interpretive reports. University of Minnesota Press.
Sellbom, M. (2022). Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-3 (MMPI-3): Manual supplement for the Australia and New Zealand community comparison groups. University of Minnesota Press.
Aguerrevere, L. E., Calamia, M. R., Greve, K. W., Bianchini, K. J., Curtis, K. L., & Ramirez, V. (2018). Clusters of financially incentivized chronic pain patients using the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2. Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF). Psychological Assessment, 30(5), 634-644. https://doi.org/10.1037/pas0000509
American Educational Research Association, American Psychological Association, National Council on
Measurement in Education. (2014). Standards for educational and psychological testing. American
Educational Research Association.
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). https:/doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596
Arbisi, P. A., & Ben-Porath, Y. S. (1995). An MMPI-2 infrequent response scale for use with psychopathological populations: The Infrequency-Psychopathology scale, F(p). Psychological Assessment, 74), 424-431. https:/ldoi.org/10.1037/1040-3590.7.4.424
Archer, E. M., Hagan, L. D., Mason, J., Handel, R. w., & Archer, R. P. (2012). MMPI-2-RF characteristics of custody evaluation litigants. Assessment, 19(1), 14-20. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191110397469
Baez, M. E., Miller, S. N., & Banou, E. (2019). Psychological and personality differences between male and female veterans in an inpatient interdisciplinary chronic pain program. Journal of Applied Behavioral Research, 24(1), 1-14. https://ldoi.org/10.1111/jabr.12146
Ben-Porath, Y. S. (2012a). Addressing challenges to MMPI-2-RF-based testimony: Questions and answers. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 27(7), 691-705. https://doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acs083
Ben-Porath, Y. S. (2012b). Interpreting the MMPI-2-RF. University of Minnesota Press.
Ben-Porath, Y. S., & Butcher, J. N. (1989). The comparability of MMPI and MMPI-2 scales and profiles. Psychological Assessment: A Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 1(4), 345-347. https://doi.org/10.1037/1040-3590.1.4.345
Ben-Porath, Y. S., & Butcher, J. N. (1991). The historical development of personality assessment. In C. E. Walker (Ed,), Clinical psychology: Historical and research foundations. Springer.
Ben-Porath, Y. S., & Forbey, J. D. (2003). Non-gendered norms for the MMPI-2. University of Minnesota Press.
Ben-Porath, Y. S., & Sherwood, N. E. (1993). The MMPI-2 Content Component Scales: Development, psychometric characteristics, and clinical application. University of Minnesota Press.
Ben-Porath, Y. S., & Tellegen, A. (1995). How (not) to evaluate the comparability of MMPI and MMPI-2 profile configurations: A reply to Humphrey and Dahlstrom. Journal of Personality Assessment, 65(1), 52-58. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa6501_4
Ben-Porath, Y. S., & Tellegen, A. (2008/2011). Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2-Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF): Manual for administration, scoring, and interpretation. University of Minnesota Press.
Ben-Porath, Y. S., & Tellegen, A. (2020a). Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-3 (MMPI-3): Technical manual. University of Minnesota Press.
Ben-Porath, Y. S., & Tellegen, A. (2020b). Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-3 (MMPI-3): User's guide for the score and clinical interpretive reports. University of Minnesota Press.
Ben-Porath, Y. S., Tellegen, A., & Puente, A. (2020). Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-3 (MMPI-3): Manual supplement for the U.S. Spanish translation. University of Minnesota Press.
Block, A. R., Marek, R. J., & Ben-Porath, Y. S. (2019). Patient activation mediates the association between psychosocial risk factors and spine surgery results. Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings, 26(2), 123-130. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10880-018-9571 -x
Block, A. R, Marek, R. J., Ben-Porath, Y. S., & Kukal, D. (2017). Associations between pre-implant psychosocial factors and spinal cord stimulation outcome: Evaluation using the MMPI-2-RF. Assessment, 24(1), 60-70. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191115601518
Butcher, J. N. (1972). Objective personality assessment: Changing perspectives. Academic Press.
Butcher J. N., Dahlstrom, W. G., Graham, J. R., Tellegen, A., & Kaemmer, B. (1989). Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2): Manual for administration and scoring. University of Minnesota Press.
Butcher, J. N., Graham, J. R., Ben-Porath, Y. S., Tellegen, A., Dahlstrom, W. G., & Kaemmer, B. (2001). Minnesota Multiphasic Personality
Inventory-2 (MMPI-2): Manual for administration, scoring, and interpretation (Rev. ed.). University of Minnesota Press.
Butcher, J. N., Graham, J. R., Williams, C. L., & Ben-Porath, Y. S. (1990). Development and use of the MMPI-2 Content Scales [Monograph]. University of Minnesota Press.
Butcher, J. N., & Han, K. (1995). Development of an MMPI-2 scale to assess the presentation of self in a superlative manner: The S scale. In J. N. Butcher & C. D. Spielberger (Eds.), Advances in personality assessment (Vol. 10, pp. 25-50). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Butcher, J. N., & Tellegen, A. (1966). Objections to MMPI items. Journal of Consulting
Psychology, 30(6), 527-534. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0024004
Chmielewski, M., Zhu, J., Burchett, D., Bury, A. S., & Bagby, R. M. (2017). The comparative capacity of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) and MMPI-2 Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF) validity scales to detect suspected malingering in a disability claimant sample. Psychological Assessment, 29(2), 199-208. https://doi.org/10.1037/pas0000328
Civil Rights Act of 1991 § 109, 42 U.S.C. § 2000e et seq. (1991).
Cook, W. W., & Medley, D. M. (1954). Proposed hostility and pharisaic-virtue scales for the MMPI. Journal of Applied Psychology, 38(6), 414-418. https:/ldoi.org/10.1037/h0060667
Corey, D. M., & Ben-Porath, Y. S. (2020a). Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-3 (MMPI-3): User's guide for the Police Candidate Interpretive Report. University of Minnesota Press.
Corey, D. M., & Ben-Porath, Y. S. (2020b). Practical guidance on the use of the MMPI instruments in remote psychological testing. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 51(3), 199-204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/pro0000329
Corey, D. M., Sellbom, M., & Ben-Porath, Y. S. (2018). Risks associated with overcontrolled behavior in police officer recruits. Psychological Assessment, 30(12), 1691-1702. https:/ldoi.org/10.1037/pas0000607
Dahlstrom, W. G. (1992). The growth in acceptance of the MMPI. Professional Psychology: Research and
Practice, 23(5), 345-348. https:/doi.org/10.1037/0735-7028.23.5.345
Dahlstrom, W. G., & Welsh, G. S. (1960). An MMPI handbook: A guide to use in clinical practice and research. University of Minnesota Press.
Del Bene, V. A., Rentería, M. A., Maiman, M., Slugh, M., Gazzola, D. M., Nadkarni, S. S., & Barr, W. B. (2017). Increased odds and predictive rates of MMP-2-RF scale elevations in patients with psychogenic non- epileptic seizures and observed sex differences. Epilepsy &
Behavior, 72, 43-50. https://doi.org/10.1016/yebeh.2017.04.023
Detrick, P., Ben-Porath, Y. S., & Selbom, M. (2016). Associations between MMPI-2-RF (Restructured Form) and Inwald Personality Inventory (Pl) scale scores in a law enforcement preemployment screening sample. Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology, 31(2), 81-95. https:/doi.org/10.1007/s11896-015-9172-7
Detrick, P., & Chibnall, J. T. (2014). Underreporting on the MMPI-2-RF in a high-demand police officer selection context: An illustration. Psychological Assessment, 26(3), 1044-1049. https:/doi.org/10.1037/pas0000013
D'Orazio, L. M., Meyerowitz, B. E., Korst, L. M., Romero, R., & Goodwin, T. M. (2011). Evidence against a link between hyperemesis gravidarum and personality characteristics from an ethnically diverse sample of pregnant women: A pilot study. Journal of Women 's Health, 20(1), 137-143. https://doi.org/10.1089/jwh.2009.1851
Dragon, W. R., & Ben-Porath, Y. S. (April, 2007). Examining the impact of unscorable iterm responses on the validity and interpretability of MMPI-2 substantive scale scores (Paper presentation]. 42nd Annual Meeting on Recent Developments in MMPI-2 and MMPI-A Research, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States.
Duncan, C. J., Roberts, N. A., Kirlin, K. A., Parkhurst, D., Burleson, M. H., Drazkowski, J. F., Sirven, J. I., Noe,
K. H., Crepeau, A. Z., Hoerth, M. T., Locke, D. E. C. (2018). Diagnostic utility of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality
Inventory-2-Restructured Form in the epilepsy monitoring unit: Considering sex differences. Epilepsy & Behavior, 88, 117-122. https://doi.org/10.1016/jyebeh. 2018.08.033
Fazio, R. L., Wunderlich, T., VWilson, N., & Akeson, S. (2014). MMPI-2-RF characteristics of individuals with interstitial cystitis. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 77(5), 359-362. https://doi.org/10.1016/jjpsychores.2014.09.010
Finger, M. S., & Ones, D. S. (1999). Psychometric equivalence of the computer and booklet forms of the MMPI: A meta-analysis. Psychological Assessment, 11(1), 58-66. https://doi.org/10.1037/1040-3590.11.1.58
Forbey, J. D., Ben-Porath, Y. S., & Gartland, D. (2009). Validation of the MMPI-2 computerized adaptive version (MMPI-2-CA) in a correctional intake facility. Psychological Services, 6(4), 279-292. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0016195
Gervais, R. O., Ben-Porath, Y. S., & Wygant, D. B. (2009). Empirical correlates and interpretation of the MMPI- 2-RF Cognitive Complaints (COG) scale. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 23(6), 996-1015. https://doi.org/10.1080/13854040902748249
Gervais, R. O., Tarescavage, A. M., Greiffenstein, M. F., Wygant, D. B., Deslauriers, C., & Arends, P. (2018).
Inconsistent responding on the MMPI-2-RF and uncooperative attitude: Evidence from cognitive performance validity measures. Psychological Assessment, 30(3), 410-415. https:/doi.org/10.1037/pas0000506
Gilberstadt, H., & Duker, J. (1965). A handbook for clinical and actuarial MMPI interpretation. Saunders.
Glassmire, D. M., Jhawar, A., Burchett, D., & Tarescavage, A. M. (2017). Evaluating item endorsement rates for the MMPI-2-RF F-r and Fp-r scales across ethnic, gender, and diagnostic groups with a forensic inpatient sample. Psychological Assessment, 29(5), 500-508. https:/doi.org/10.1037/pas0000366
Glassmire, D. M, Tarescavage, A. M., Burchett, D., Martinez, J., & Gomez, A. (2016). Clinical utility of the
MMPI-2-RF SUI items and scale in a forensic inpatient setting: Association with interview self-reports and future suicidal behaviors. Psychological Assessment, 28(11), 1502-1509. https://doi.org/10.1037/pas0000220
Gottfried, E. D., Harrop, T. M., Anestis, J. C., Venables, N.C., & Sellbom, M. (2019). An examination of triarchic psychopathy constructs in female offenders. Journal of Personality Assessment, 101(5), 455-467. https:/doi.org/10.1080/00223891.2018.1502193
Graham, J. R., Timbrook, R. E., & Ben-Porath, Y. S. (1991). Code-type congruence between MMPI and MMPI-2: Separating fact from artifact. Journal of Personality Assessment, 57(2), 205-215. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa5702_2
Granieri, A., Tamburello, S., Tamburello, A., Casale, S., Cont, C., Guglielmucci, F., & Innamorati, M. (2013). Quality of life and personality traits in patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma and their first-degree caregivers. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 9, 1193-1202. https://doi.org/10.2147/NDT.S48965
Grossi, L. M., Green, D., Belfi, B., McGrath, R. E., Griswold, H., & Schreiber, J. (2015). Identifying aggression in forensic inpatients using
the MMPI-2-RF: An examination of MMPI-2-RF scale scores and estimated psychopathy indices. International Journal of Forensic Mental Health, 14(4), 231-244. https://doi.org/10.1080/14999013.2015.1108943
Gu, W., Reddy, H. B., Green, D., Belfi, B., & Einzig, S. (2017). Inconsistent responding in a criminal forensic setting: An evaluation of the VRIN-r and TRIN-r scales of the MMPI-2-RF. Journal of Personality Assessment, 99(3), 286-296. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223891.2016.1149483
Harkness, A. R., & McNulty, J. L. (1994). The Personality Psychopathology Five (PSY-5): lssues from the pages of a diagnostic manual instead of a dictionary. In S. Strack & M. Lorr (Eds.), Differentiating normal and abnormal personality (pp. 291-315). Springer.
Harkness, A. R., McNulty, J. L., & Ben-Porath, Y. S. (1995). The Personality Psychopathology Five (PSY-5): Constructs and MMPI-2 scales. Psychological Assessment, 7(1), 104-114. https://doi.org/10.1037/1040-3590.7.1.104
Harkness, A. R., McNulty, J. L., Ben-Porath, Y. S., & Graham, J. R. (2002). MMPI-2 Personality Psychopathology Five (PSY-5) Scales: Gaining an overview for case conceptualization and treatment planning. University of Minnesota Press.
Hathaway, S. R. (1960). Foreword. In W. G. Dahlstrom & G. S. Welsh (Eds.), An MMPI handbook: use in clinical practice and research (pp. vii-xi). University of Minnesota Press.
A guide to Hathaway, S. R., & McKinley, J. C. (1940). A multiphasic personality schedule (Minnesota): I. Construction of the schedule. The Journal of Psychology: Interdisciplinary and Applied, 10(2), 249-254. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223980.1940.9917000
Hathaway, S. R., & McKinley, J.C. (1942a). A multiphasic personality schedule (Minnesota): Il. The measurement of symptomatic depression. The Journal of Psychology: Interdisciplinary and Applied, 14(1), 73-84. https://doi.org/10.1080/o0223980.1942.9917111
Hathaway, S. R., & McKinley, J. C. (1942b). The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory manual. University of Minnesota Press.
Heinberg. L. J., Marek, R., Haskins, I. N., Bucak, E., Hanipah, Z. N., & Brethauer, S. (2017). 30-day readmission following weight loss surgery: Can psychological factors predict nonspecific indications for readmission? Surgery for Obesity and Related
Diseases, 13(8), 1376-1381. https:/ldoi.org/10.1016/j.soard.2017.04.004
Himsl, K., Burchett, D., Tarescavage, A. M., & Glassmire, D. M. (2017). Assessing reading ability for psychological testing in forensic assessments: An investigation with the WRAT-4 and MMPI-2-RF. International Journal of Forensic Mental
Health, 16(3), 239-248. https://doiorg/10.1080/14999013.2017.1330293
Kauffman, C. M., Stolberg, R., & Madero, J. (2015). An examination of the MMPI-2-RF (Restructured From) with the MMPI-2 and MCMI-Il of child custody litigants. Journal of Child Custody, 12(2), 129-151.
Klein Haneveld, E., Kamphuis, J. H., Smid, W., & Forbey, J. D. (2017). Using MMPI-2-RF correlates to elucidate the PCL-R and its four facets in a sample of male forensic psychiatric patients. Journal of Personality Assessment, 99(4), 398-407. https:/ldoi.org/10.1080/00223891.2016.1228655
Lees-Haley, P. R., English, L. T, & Glenn, W. J. (1991). A fake bad scale on the MMPI-2 for personal injury claimants. Psychological
Reports, 68(1), 203-210. https:/ldoi.org/10.2466/pr0.1991.68.1.203
Marek, R. J., Ben-Porath, Y. S., Epker, J. T., Kreymar, J. K., & Block, A. R. (2020). Reliability and validity of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2-Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF) in spine surgery and spinal cord stimulator samples. Journal of Personality
Assessment, 102(1), 22-35. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223891.2018.1488719
Marek, R. J., Ben-Porath, Y. s., Sellbom, M., McNulty, J. L., & Heinberg, L. J. (2015). Validity of Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2-Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF) scores as a function of gender, ethnicity, and age of bariatric surgery candidates. Surgery for Obesity and Related Diseases, 11(3), 627-634. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. soard.2014.10.005
Marek, R. J., Ben-Porath, Y. S., van Dulmen, M. H. M., Ashton, K., & Heinberg, L. J. (2017). Using the presurgical psychological evaluation to predict 5-year weight loss outcomes in bariatric surgery patients.
Surgery for Obesity and Related Diseases, 13(3), 514-521. https:/doi. org/10.1016/). soard.2016.11.008
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Authors
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The journal is licensed under a Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0).
You are free to:
- Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format for any purpose, even commercially.
- Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.
- The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.
Under the following terms:
- Attribution - You must give appropriate credit , provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made . You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
- No additional restrictions - You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
