Structural equation modelling of the mediating role of self-compassion in the relationship between parental conflict tactics and psychological well-being in adolescents

Fatemeh Shokri; Ali Asghar Hoseinzadeh

doi:10.63053/ijhes.109

Authors

Fatemeh Shokri 1. Master of Science in General Psychology, Department of Psychology, Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Islamic Azad University, Amol, Iran.
Ali Asghar Hoseinzadeh 2. Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Islamic Azad University, Amol, Iran (Corresponding Author)

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.63053/ijhes.109

Keywords:

Adolescents, Compassion, Conflict Tactics, Parents, Well-Being

Abstract

Aim: The present study aimed to determine the mediating role of self-compassion in the relationship between parental conflict tactics and children's psychological well-being. Method: The research method was descriptive correlational type and the statistical population of this study included students of public and gifted high schools in Amol city in the second semester of 2018-2019 with a total of 1300 people. Thus, four public schools for girls and public schools for boys and gifted schools for girls and gifted schools for boys, and from the 10th, 11th and 12th grades in each school, 3 disciplines of humanities and experimental sciences and mathematics and physics by class sampling. (Based on academic grades) and finally, 200 students were selected. The research tools included the Conflict Tactics Scale by Straus (1974); Self-Compassion Scale by Neff (2003) and Psychological Well-Being by Reff (1989). After removing the two outlier participants, the present research data were analysed using the structural equation modelling method. Results: In the present study, the direct path coefficient between self-compassion and psychological well-being was positive (β=0.342, P=0.001). The total path coefficient between mother-child conflict tactics and psychological well-being was negative (β-=0.370, P=0.002). The indirect path coefficient between father-child conflict tactics and psychological well-being was negative (β-= 0.127, P=0.001). Conclusion: It is suggested that adolescent self-compassion training be considered as a psychological tool to reduce the negative consequences of conflict between parents and children by education officials and school counsellors.

References

• Ahmadi, Fatemeh., and Nasrollahi, Bita. (2018). Predicting rigid standards/extreme fault-finding schema based on parents' irrational beliefs and parent-child communication patterns. Quarterly Journal of Applied Psychology, 12(4, 48): 616-595.

• Bayani, Ali Asghar., Goodarzi, Hassanieh., and Kouchaki, Ashur Mohammad. (2008). The relationship between dimensions of psychological well-being and general health in students of Islamic Azad University, Azad Shahr Branch (2006-2008). Knowledge and Research in Applied Psychology, 10(1 and 2): 153-164.

• Sanaei, Baqer. (2017). Family and Marriage Assessment Scales (Fourth Edition). Besat.

• Hosseini, Farideh Sadat., Karimi, Farzad., and Nazarpour, Mohsen. (2018). The role of difficulty in regulating emotion and negative automatic thoughts in adolescent-parent conflict resolution tactics. Cognitive and Behavioral Sciences Research, 8(1, 14): 77-94.

• Khosravi, Sadallah., Sadeghi, Majid., & Yabandeh, Mohammad Reza. (2013). Psychometric adequacy of the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS). Psychological Methods and Models, 4(13): 47-49.

• Danesh, Esmat., Nikomanesh, Narsanga., Saliminia, Narges., Sebeqi, Leila., & Shamshiri, Mina. (2014). The relationship between mothers' personality traits and their adolescent daughters' perfectionism. Quarterly Journal of Applied Psychology, 8(4, 32): 63-78.

• Dasht-e-Bozorgiri, Zahra., & Homaei, Rezvan. (2017). The relationship between self-compassion, social support, and hopefulness with nursing students' subjective well-being. Journal of Iranian Nursing Research, 12(6): 37-43.

• Zamaniforoshani, Shahla., Sharifi, Tayyebeh., Ghazanfari, Ahmad., Abedi, Mohammadreza., and Naqvi, Azam. (2019). Developing a training package for compassionate interaction in the mother-child relationship and improving parental stress. Journal of Nursing Education, 8(1): 12-2.

• Selajqeh, Suzan., Emamipour, Suzan., and Nematollahzadeh Mahani, Kazem. (2019). Structural model of the relationship between mindfulness and psychological well-being based on the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation strategies in women with breast cancer. Quarterly Journal of Applied Psychology, 13(1, 49): 77-97.

• Kamali-Igli, Somayeh., and Abol-Maali-Al-Husseini, Khadija. (2016). Explaining cognitive emotion regulation strategies based on family communication processes and perfectionism in adolescent girls. Applied Psychology Quarterly, 10(3, 39): 310-291.

• Golestaneh, Seyed Moussa, and Behzadi, Ali. (2019). The effectiveness of positive psychology intervention training on increasing well-being, academic vitality, and academic achievement of female students. Applied Psychology Quarterly, 13(2, 50): 208-187.

• Mohammadi, Tayyebeh, and Saber, Sosan. (2018). The mediating role of self-concept in the relationship between attachment to parents and peers and prosocial behaviors. Applied Psychology Quarterly, 12(3, 47): 568-559.

• Norouzi, Vida, and Asadi, Samarah. (2018). The role of parents' psychological well-being and parent-child interactions in explaining social adjustment of adolescent students. Two Quarterly Journals of Contemporary Psychology, 13(2): 148-140.

• Yazdani, Mohammad, Esmaeili, Maryam., & Namdari, Kourosh. (2017). The Effectiveness of Positive Mindfulness Training on Self-Compassion in Adolescent Males with Depressive Symptoms. Positive Psychology Research Journal, 3(4): 76-65.

• Yaghoubi, Soheila., & Akrami, Nahid. (2016). The Role of Self-Compassion in Predicting Forgiveness and Empathy in Youth. Positive Psychology Research Journal, 3(7): 48-35.Reference

• Agnoli, S., & Vannucci, M. (2020). Mindfulness. In Reference Module in Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Psychology. Elsevier.

• Aureli, F., & Fraser, O. N. (2017). Conflict Resolution. In J. C. Choe (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Animal Behavior (Second Edition) (pp. 349-353). Academic Press.

• Camisasca, E., Miragoli, S., Di Blasio, P., & Grych, J. (2017). Children’s coping strategies to inter-parental conflict: the moderating role of attachment. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 26(4): 1099-1111.

• Gilbert, P. (2010). Compassion Focused Therapy (CBT Distinctive Features) (1st Ed.). Routledge.

• Gilbert, P. (2014). The origins and nature of compassion focused therapy. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 53(1): 6-41.

• Inwood, E., & Ferrari, M. (2018). Mechanisms of change in the relationship between self-compassion, emotion regulation, and mental health: A systematic review. Applied psychology. Health and well-being, 10(2): 215-235.

• Joshanloo, M. (2017). Mediators of the relationship between externality of happiness and subjective well-being. Personality and Individual Differences, 119: 147-151.

• Kamalinasab, Z., & Mohammadkhani, P. (2018). A Comparison of self-compassion and self-esteem based on their relationship with adaptive and maladaptive emotion regulation strategies. Practice in Clinical Psychology, 6(1): 9-20.

• Keating, D. P., I. Demidenko, M., & Kelly, D. (2019). Cognitive and neurocognitive development in adolescence. In Reference Module in Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Psychology. Elsevier.

• Klimecki, O. M., & Singer, T. (2015). Compassion. In A. W. Toga (Ed.), Brain mapping (pp. 195-199). Academic Press.

• Kline, R. B. (2016). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (4th Ed.). Guilford Publications.

• Krieger, T., Altenstein, D., Baettig, I., Doerig, N., & Holtforth, M. G. (2013). Self-compassion in depression: Associations with depressive symptoms, rumination, and avoidance in depressed outpatients. Behavior Therapy, 44(3): 501-513.

• Kuhlman, K. R., Repetti, R. L., Reynolds, B. M., & Robles, T. F. (2016). Change in parent-child conflict and the HPA-axis: Where should we be looking and for how long? Psychoneuroendocrinology, 68: 74-81.

• Lu, J., Lin, L., Roy, B., Riley, C., Wang, E., Wang, K., Li, L., Wang, F., & Zhou, X. (2020). The impacts of parent-child communication on left-behind children’s mental health and suicidal ideation: A cross sectional study in Anhui. Children and Youth Services Review, 110: 104785.

• Mackintosh, K., Power, K., Schwannauer, M., & Chan, S. W. Y. (2018). The relationships between self-compassion, attachment and interpersonal problems in clinical patients with mixed anxiety and depression and emotional distress. Mindfulness, 9(3): 961-971.

• Martin, M. J., Bascoe, S. M., & Davies, P. T. (2017). Family Relationships☆. In Reference Module in Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Psychology. Elsevier.

• Meyers, L. S., Gamest. G., & Goarin, A. J. (2016). Applied multivariate research, design and interpretation (3rd Ed.). SAGE Publications, Inc.

• Mills-Koonce, W. R., Cao, H., Heilbron, N., & Cox, M. J. (2020). Marital relationship and early development. In J. B. Benson (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Infant and Early Childhood Development (Second Edition) (pp. 290-300). Elsevier.

• Morgan, L. P. K., Danitz, S. B., Roemer, L., & Orsillo, S. M. (2016). Mindfulness approaches to psychological disorders. In H. S. Friedman (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Mental Health (Second Edition) (pp. 148-155). Academic Press.

• Neff, K.D. (2003). Development and validation of a scale to measure self-compassion. Self-Identity, 2: 223-50.

• Niemiec, C. P. (2014). Eudaimonic Well-Being. In A. C. Michalos (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research (pp. 2004-2005). Springer Netherlands.

• Odou, N., & Brinker, J. (2014) .Exploring the relationship between rumination, self-compassion, and mood. Self and Identity, 13(4): 449-459.

• Pavlova, M. K., Haase, C. M., & Silbereisen, R. K. (2011). Early, on-time, and late behavioural autonomy in adolescence: Psychosocial correlates in young and middle adulthood. Journal of Adolescence, 34(2): 361-370.

• Poots, A., & Cassidy, T. (2020). Academic expectation, self-compassion, psychological capital, social support and student wellbeing. International Journal of Educational Research, 99: 101506.

• Psychogiou, L., Legge, K., Parry, E., Mann, J., Nath, S., Ford, T., & Kuyken, W. (2016). Self-Compassion and parenting in mothers and fathers with depression. Mindfulness, 7: 896-908.

• Pullmer, R., Chung, J., Samson, L., Balanji, S., & Zaitsoff, S. (2019). A systematic review of the relation between self-compassion and depressive symptoms in adolescents. Journal of Adolescence, 74: 210-220.

• Ryff, C. D. (1989). Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57(6): 1069-1081.

• Ryff, C. D. (2014). Psychological Well-Being Revisited: Advances in the Science and Practice of Eudaimonia. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 83(1): 10-28.

• Siffert, A., & Schwarz, B. (2011). Parental conflict resolution styles and children's adjustment: children's appraisals and emotion regulation as mediators. The Journal of genetic psychology, 172: 21-39.

• Stoeber, J., Lalova, A. V., & Lumley, E. J. (2020). Perfectionism, (self-compassion), and subjective well-being: A mediation model. Personality and Individual Differences, 154: 109708.

• Straus, M. A. (1974). Leveling, Civility, and violence in the family. Journal of Marriage and Family, 36(1): 13-29.

• Watson, W. H. (2012). Family Systems. In V. S. Ramachandran (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Human Behavior (Second Edition) (pp. 184-193). Academic Press.

• Webel, A. R., Wantland, D., Rose, C. D., Kemppainen, J., Holzemer, W. L., & Chen, W. T. (2015). A cross-sectional relationship between social capital, self- compassion, and perceived HIV symptoms. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 50(1): 59-68.

• Weller, J., & Jowsey, T. (2020). Can we go too far with empathy? Shifting from empathy to compassion. British Journal of Anaesthesia, 124(2): 129-131.

• Wilson, J. M., Weiss, A., & Shook, N. J. (2020). Mindfulness, self-compassion, and savoring: Factors that explain the relation between perceived social support and well-being. Personality and Individual Differences, 152: 109568.

• Yoo, J., & Ryff, C. D. (2019). Longitudinal profiles of psychological well-being and health: Findings from Japan. Frontiers in psychology, 10: 2746.

• Yu, J. J. (2019). Longitudinal typologies of perceived parent-child conflict and their correlates in adolescence. Children and Youth Services Review, 98, 132-142.

• Zessin, U., Dickhäuser, O., & Garbade, S. (2015). The relationship between self-compassion and well-being: A meta-analysis. Applied psychology. Health and well-being, 7.